Giving the Torah: What Actually Happened

Verses in Sefer Shemot (and in Sefer Devarim) around the Giving of the Torah describe the events that took place at the foundational event of the revelation at Har Sinai and mention phenomena–the cloud on the mountain, the sound of the shofar, etc.– which are quite sketchy and raise many more questions than they give answers regarding what exactly Bnei Yisrael experienced. What actually happened?

Our sages (Chazal) in the Talmud and midrashim fill in some of the gaps. Join Rabbi Yitzhak Zuriel as he learns a number of these aggadic passages and ask about each: what motivation did Chazal have in supplying this specific information?